Travel History of Indonesia

History of Indonesia in this article meant as a record of a series of events that occurred in the islands between the Asian continent and the continent of Australia before the establishment of the Republic of Indonesia.

Prehistoric

Ancient human migration into the region occurred in Indonesia range between 100,000 to 160,000 years ago as part of the ancient human migration "out of Africa". Ras Ras Austolomelanesia (Papua) to enter this area when he was with the Asian mainland and then moved to the east, the rest of the skull was found in the cave Braholo (Yogyakarata), caves and cave Babi Niah (Borneo). Furthermore approximately 2000 years before Christ, a major shift into the archipelago (immigration) conducted by Austronesian race from Yunnan and they became the ancestors of the tribes of western archipelago region. They come in 2 waves coming in at around 2500 BC and 1500 BC.

This ancestral nation has had a relatively good of civilization, they know how to farm better, pilotage and even astronomy. They also have a simple system of governance and have a leader (small kings). The arrival of immigrants from India in the late centuries BC and introduced him to their governance system is more advanced (the kingdom). Dewawarman figure was the first to introduce the model of governance is more advanced. Dewawarman continue and advance the rule areas of Aki Tirem.

Pre-colonial era

Kingdom of Hindu / Buddhist:

* Salakanagara
* Kingdom Tarumanagara
* Kingdom of Kutai
* Kingdom of Sriwijaya
* Kingdom of Sunda and the Kingdom of Galuh
* Kingdom of Kalinga
* Kingdom Keritang
* Kingdom of Mataram (Mataram Kuno)
* Kingdom Medang
* Kingdom Kahuripan

* Kingdom of Kediri
* Kingdom Kanjuruhan
* Kingdom Janggala
* Kingdom Singasari
* Kingdom of Majapahit
* Kingdom Dharmasraya
* Kingdom Pajajaran
* Kingdom Blambangan
* Kingdom Sailendra
* Kingdom of Sanjaya

* Kingdom Isyana
* Negara Daha
* Empire State Dipa
* Royal Cape Castle
* Kingdom of Nan Sarunai
* Kingdom Kuripan
* Kingdom of Tulang Bawang
* Kingdom Haru / Aru / Karo

Islamic Kingdom

* Kepaksian scale Brak
* Sultanate of Aceh
* Sultanate Asahan
* Kingdom Kemuning
* Inner Six Royal Family
* Indragiri
* Sultanate of Banten
* Sultanate of Bima
* Sultanate Bulungan
* Sultanate of Buton
* Sultanate of Cirebon
* Linga-Riau Sultanate
* Sultanate of Deli
* Sultanate Dompu

* Sultanate of Demak
* Sultanate of Gowa
* Sultanate of Jambi
* Empire City Pinang
* Sultanate of Kutai
* Sultanate Langkat
* Sultanate Pajang
* Sultanate of Mataram
* Sultanate Kartasura
* Sultanate Pagaruyung
* Sultanate of Palembang
* Sultanate of Pontianak
* Sultanate Samawa
* Sultanate of Sambas

* Serdang
* Sultanate of Siak Sri Inderapura
* Kingdom Tanjungpura
* Sultanate of Ternate
* Sultanate Tidore
* Disallow Sumedang Kingdom
* Kasunanan Surakarta
* Sultanate of Yogyakarta
* Mangkunagaran
* Duchy Paku Alaman
* Sultanate of Malacca
* Pasai
* Sultanate of Banjarmasin
* Kingdom Linge
* Sultanate Perlak
* Sultanate of Sand
* Sultanate Kotawaringin
* Kingdom Pagatan
* Kingdom Tidung
* Kingdom Sambaliung
* Royal Mount Tabur
* Sultanate Mempawah
* Sultanate Kubu

Colonial

Portuguese time

The Portuguese expertise in navigation, shipbuilding and weaponry allowed them to conduct an expedition of exploration and expansion. Starting with exploratory expedition sent from the newly conquered Malacca in 1512, the Portuguese are the first Europeans arrived in the archipelago that is now Indonesia, and try to control the source of spices valued [1] and to expand its business, the Roman Catholic missionaries . The first efforts to master the Portuguese islands of Indonesia is to welcome the offer of cooperation from the Kingdom of Sunda.
In the early 16th century, the ports of important trade on the north shore of Java Island was ruled by the Sultanate of Demak, including the two ports of Sunda kingdom of Banten and Cirebon. Fearing the role of the port of Sunda Kelapa getting weaker, the king of Sunda, Sri Baduga (King Siliwangi) seeking help to ensure the continuity of the kingdom's main port. The choice fell to the Portuguese, the ruler of Malacca. Thus, in the year 1512 and 1521, Sri Baduga sent the crown prince, Surawisesa, to Malacca to ask the Portuguese signed a trade agreement, especially pepper, and gives the right to build the fort at Sunda Kelapa. [2]
In the year 1522, the Portuguese are ready to form a coalition with the Sunda to gain access to the lucrative pepper trade. Year coincided with the complete exploration of the world by Magellan.
Commander of the fortress of Malacca at that time was Jorge de Albuquerque. The same year he sent a ship, São Sebastião, under the command of Captain Enrique Leme, to the Sunda Kalapa accompanied by valuable items to be presented to the king of Sunda. Two written sources describing the end of the agreement in detail. The first is the Portuguese original documents dating from 1522 which contains the agreement and signatures of witnesses, and the second is the incident report submitted by João de Barros in his "Da Asia", printed shortly before the year 1777/78.
According to historical sources, the king of Sunda warmly welcomed the arrival of the Portuguese. At that time King Surawisesa has replaced his father's throne and Barros called "king Samio". Raja Sunda agreed with the agreement of friendship with the king of Portugal and decided to give the land at the mouth of Ciliwung as berths Portuguese ships. In addition, the king of Sunda promised that if the castle had already started so he would donate a thousand sacks of pepper to the Portuguese. Contract documents made two copies, one copy to the king of Sunda and one for the king of Portugal; both signed on August 21, 1522.
In the treaty document, the witness of the Kingdom of Sunda is Off Tumungo, Samgydepaty, outre Benegar e o e xabandar easy, he means "The Lord Tumenggung, the Duke, Treasurer and Syahbandar Sunda Kelapa". Witnesses from the Portuguese, as reported Porto historian named João de Barros, there are eight people. Witnesses of the Kingdom of Sunda not sign the document, their customs melegalisasinya with the "salvation". Now, a copy of this agreement are stored in the National Museum of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta.
On the day of signing the agreement, some noblemen Sunda kingdom with Enrique Leme and his entourage went to the land that would become a stronghold at the mouth of Ciliwung River. They founded the inscription, which is called-Luso Sundanese Padrão, in an area that is now a monument of District in North Jakarta. It is the custom of the Portuguese to establish Padrão when they find a new land. Padrão are now stored at the National Museum Jakarta.
Portuguese failed to fulfill its promise to return to the Sunda Kalapa the next year to build a fortress because of problems in Goa / India.
This Agreement which trigger attacks of Demak Sultanate armies into Sunda Kelapa in 1527 and managed to expel the Portuguese from the Sunda Kelapa on June 22, 1527. This date was later made on the establishment of Jakarta.
Failed to master the island of Java, the Portuguese shifted attention to the east of the Moluccas. Through military conquest and alliances with local leaders, the Portuguese established trading ports, forts, and missions in the eastern part of Indonesia including the islands of Ternate, Ambon, and Solor. However, the interest of the Portuguese missionary activities occurred in the mid-16th century, after the efforts of military conquest in the islands of their interest to stop and move to Japan, Macau and China; and sugar in Brazil.
Portuguese presence in Indonesia is limited to Solor, Flores and Timor the Portuguese after their defeat in the year 1575 in Ternate, and after the Dutch conquest of Ambon, North Maluku and Banda. [3] The influence of Portuguese on Indonesian culture is relatively small: a Portuguese surname in Portuguese descendant communities in Tugu, Jakarta Utara, keroncong music, and a family in eastern Indonesia such as da Costa, Dias, de Fretes, Gonsalves, Queljo, etc.. In the Indonesian language are also a number of loan words from Portuguese, such as Sinyo, ladies, shirt, windows, soap, cheese, etc..

Age VOC

Vereenigde East India Company (United East Indies Company) or the VOC which was established on March 20, 1602 is a Dutch company that has a monopoly for trade activities in Asia. Called the East Indies because there is also VOC trade unions West Indies. The company is regarded as the first company to issue shares.
Although the Company is a commercial entity, but this trade body has been deleted because it was backed by the state and given their own facilities are special. Suppose that the Company may have an army and may negotiate with other countries. VOC can be said is the state in the country.
VOC consisting Section 6 (kamers) in Amsterdam, Middelburg (for Zeeland), Enkhuizen, Delft, Hoorn and Rotterdam. Delegation of this room together as Heeren XVII (Gentlemen XVII). Kamers delegation contributed to the seventeen in accordance with the proportion of capital that they pay; Amsterdam delegation of eight.
In Indonesia the Company has the popular name of the Company or Kumpeni. The term is derived from the word Compagnie in the company's full name in Dutch.

Dutch period

Japanese era

Summary are:

Pre-Colonial (before 1602)
Pre-history
Hindu-Buddhist kingdom
Islamic Kingdom
Colonial era (1602-1945)
Portuguese Era
VOC era
Dutch Era
Japanese Era (1942-1945)
History of the Republic of Indonesia
Proclamation (17 August 1945)
Transition
Old Order era
Guided Democracy
Trikora operation (1960-1962)
Indo-Malayan Confrontation (1962-1965)
Movement 30 September 1965
New Order
1998 Student Movement
Reform Era.